The Transnational Outsourcing Of Labor - 927 Words

There are multiple reasons why structural power has declined, times have changed and laws have changed accordingly. Jennifer Jihye Chun touches on a few of these reasons but, focuses on two main reasons for these shifts. First is the transnational outsourcing of labor. The workforce no longer has the same structural power they had in the days of assembly lines most jobs suffering from unfair labor practices are unskilled service jobs and are easily replaced. This is because â€Å"capitalists relocate production to lower-waged regions to weaken organized labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chun: 10). Though Chun does not make it a main point she mentions that the laws in place are pro employer/business owner and â€Å"the recognition that contested struggles over ‘rule of law’ directly shape the expression and efficacy of workers’ associational power.†(Chun: 12). Employers are allowed to bypass workers because it is â€Å"rule of law†. The second main reason Chun m entions is based on the classification of an employee and the employer-employee relationship. There are more nontraditional employee opportunity that blur the line of what an employee should expect. These jobs include, subcontracting jobs, independent contracting jobs, and temporary employment jobs. These blurred line affect benefits, rights to bargain and rights to be represented, to name a few. People in service jobs do not have as much structural power because they have fear of being replaced when the employers need to be the ones that fear a strike.Show MoreRelatedNeoliberal Globalization:Transformation and Development1021 Words   |  5 Pagesother for the global economy to prosper. Meanwhile, Significant changes have occurred in the nature of international trade and commodity production for the past decades. These changes also lead to new geographic, social, and political divisions of labor worldwide. Moreover, social and political consequences of these transformations have begun to take effects on a global scale. In this essay I am going to explain such transformations and illustrate the ideas above. Neoliberalism, though consideredRead MoreGlobalization : As Transnational Corporations ( Mncs )1327 Words   |  6 PagesAs transnational corporations (TNCs) grow more powerful than some nations and dominate the world market, governments favor neoliberal policies. Neoliberalism, a movement toward less government involvement in the regulation of markets, illustrates the push for open markets and free trade by core countries. (Knox, 299) Since the core countries already gained wealth and power, they possess the means to adopt neoliberal policies without the fear of being exploited. Without state intervention, the TNCsRead MoreThe Upsides and Downsides of Outsourcing914 Words   |  4 Pages Presentation As time passes by, outsourcing has started to develop in all significant economies of the world. When we begin discussing the upsides and downsides that are connected with this process, its critical to comprehend the progress of this case that will help us break down the methodology from numerous points of view. The procedure of outsourcing is characterized by utilizing the ability and probabilities of an outsider in an assention premise. So hopefully you know, It was throughoutRead MoreThe Poverty Of Capitalism, And Food Production1090 Words   |  5 Pageshundreds of millions of people. In the garments industry, retailers continuously demand cheaper production rates, which result in outsourcing for cheaper labor and consequently workplace exploitation. The influence of transnational capital is also seen in the food sector, as the production, distribution, and consumption of food is dominated by a small number of giant transnational corporations. The idea of food security is bein g replaced by the more radical and anti-capitalist concept of ‘food sovereigntyRead MoreAspects Of Transnational It Operations969 Words   |  4 PagesAspects of Transnational IT Operations The social, economic, and technological market places are incorporating information technology (IT) systems in many countries that support the activities of a business. Competition throughout several industries have brought about many new changes, but specifically, a growth of transnational opportunities. â€Å"A transnational business conducts operations in several countries with varying degrees of coordination and integration of strategy and operations† (BasuRead More The Impacts ofTransnational Corporations on Less Developed Countries2517 Words   |  11 Pages The issue of the impacts transnational corporations have on less developed countries has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of economics and development studies. Researchers using various models such as the Rostow Development model, Harrod Domar model and the Neoclassical Theory Model, have studied these impacts and have tried to come to a conclusion to this issue. Researchers have also conducted many case studies in order to investigate in depth factors contributingRead MoreDeveloping Personal Computer Software Systems1633 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Transnational corporations refer to â€Å"corporations that have their home base in one country and branches, or affiliates, in other countries† (Mooney 2015, 213). An example of such corporation is Microsoft. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975 (Microsoft, 2016). It is â€Å"the worldwide leader in software, services, devices and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential† (Microsoft, 2016). In addition to developing personal-computer softwareRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s It s A Small World Ride Perfectly Exemplifies The Ideal Of Globalization Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagescore philosophy of the Walt Disney Company in its quest to constantly expand the Disney universe† (Wasko 63). In working to make the world smaller and expand its influence globally, The Walt Disney Company has employed practices common of many transnational corporations. Over the course of this paper, I will examine how Disney has employed aspects of globalization since its founding in 1923 to effectively solidify its existence as a household name. For the purpose of this paper, I will split Disney’sRead MoreMarketing Strategy : A Competitive Advantage1712 Words   |  7 Pagesinternationalization-responsiveness (IR) framework when discussing the key differences between global, multidomestic and transnational strategies. (2) The framework compares the strengths and weaknesses of e ach strategy relative to the goal of global integration or local responsiveness. In terms of the IR framework a global strategy emphasizes global efficiency, multidomestic strategy emphasizes the local market and a transnational strategy balances both end goals. Companies best suited to a global marketing strategy offerRead MoreEcco a/S – Global Value Chain Management1709 Words   |  7 Pagesand this allows for a discussion of the pros and cons of such an approach. The globalization of production and trade have fueled the growth of industrial capabilities in a wide range of developing countries, and the vertical disintegration of transnational corporations, which are redefining their core competencies to focus on innovation and product strategy, marketing, and the highest value-added segments of manufacturing and services, while reducing their direct ownership over ‘non-core’ functions

Comparing Julius Caesar And Alexander The Great - 1772 Words

Conquers throughout history have been either been remembered or forgotten. Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great are two conquers that have not been forgotten but instead labeled to be â€Å"Great â€Å". Both men played significant role in government, they forged cities and designed civil works projects to benefit the people of their empires. Caesar and Alexander as individuals had great ambitions and repeatedly pushed themselves and their men to their physical limits. In war they were courageous allowing them to be victorious they were also magnanimous to their defeated enemies. These men like most leaders we see from the ancient times were very charismatic they would draw people in by their visions and goals but like all great leaders they make mistakes and their once great visions for their nations fell apart soon after their deaths Julius Caesar was thought of as the most powerful and glorious ruler to step foot in Rome. After his death in 44 B.CE. A temple was built in honor of him and he was worshiped like a god. Does Caesar Deserve the title of being great? In my opinion no he was a man driven by ambition for power and glory and in a way he manipulated the plebeian’s by refusing the crown multiple times when he was offered it. Yet during his campaign in Gaul were he conquered over eight hundred cities and destroyed three-hundred Gallic tribes he breaks down into tears and his friends ask him why he is crying he replied â€Å"it is a matter of sorrow that while Alexander, at myShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Power, Ambition, Glory Essay examples1516 Words   |  7 PagesSynopsis Power, Ambition, Glory analyzes great leaders in history and links similarities with leaders of today. Great leaders such as Cyrus the Great, Alexander the Great, Hannibal of Carthage, Julius Caesar and Augustus bear a striking resemblance to characteristics that we see from current business leaders. The historical leader’s leadership style and results that followed give insight into effective management. Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great saw no boundaries for his conquest. WhileRead MoreEssay about Abraham Lincoln as a Dangerous Speaker2476 Words   |  10 PagesSpringfield, Illinois, in 1838, Lincoln himself stated that our country was in great danger. He speaks of people such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Napoleon and then asks, Is it unreasonable to expect , that some man possessed of the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its utmost stretch, will at some time, spring up among us? (Grafton, page 7). In this, he shares his fear that some man with great ambition and power could exist in this country who is not satisfied withRead MoreFeds vs Anti-Feds3174 Words   |  13 PagesAndo. So to slake your ravenous historical thirst in the meantime, here is my assignment from my history class this past week. If you’re really into American history and how the politics of the early Republic shook out, Jefferson vs. Hamilton is a great study. It’s a lso a little, I guess comforting, to know that as bad as we think today’s politicians are, politics was always a very dirty game. Like Bismarck said, â€Å"Laws are like sausages. Better to not see them being made.† And as EcclesiastesRead MoreNick Leeson Barings Bank5242 Words   |  21 Pagescompete with speculative opportunities like these.† 3 As the ability to speculate increased in the last years of the 20th century, though, so did the associated risks. Blau points out that some of the major financial downturns have affected the once-great, including Hedge fund manager George Soros, who lost $600 million by betting against a strong Japanese yen; Procter Gamble, which lost $102 million on leveraged derivatives purchased from Bankers Trust Co.; and Nick Leeson, an unsupervised 28-year-oldRead MoreComparative Public Administration11510 Words   |  47 Pagesanalytical levels: macro, middle-range and micro. Macro studies focus on the comparisons of whole administrative systems in their proper ecologicai contexts. For instance, a macro study would involve a comparison of the administrative systems of India and Great Britain. it will conlprise detailed analysis of all important aspects and parts of the administrative systen~s the two of nations. It will be comprehensive in its scope. Though the studies of macro level are rare, they are not impossible to be takenRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico

Microfinance in India Free Essays

string(49) " formal banking institution that provides loans\." India has always been a very agrarian focused culture, with approximately 450 million people are currently in need of funds. Micromanage encompasses many different types of services such as credit, savings, Insurance, remittance and pensions. Micromanage Initiatives primarily focus on microcircuit services because rural towns are heavily reliant on credit for a wide range of needs for example engage In economic activity, consumption needs, mitigate Income shocks, Increase savings and improve self-empowerment. We will write a custom essay sample on Microfinance in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now In many micromanage areas, women comprise most of the groups because they are seen as more reliable with funds. Indian’s micromanage evolution can be broken down into 4 distinct phases. Indian’s micromanage movement started in 1903 through its credit cooperative movement. Before this movement, the poor often relied on the village’s money lender whenever they needed access to cash. Money lenders were notorious for high interest rates; they would charge approximately 3%-8% per month on loans. Although money lenders would prey on farmer, they had no other choice to use them because they could not get access to banks. Farmers’ earnings were directly related to how well their crops fared. High Interest rates coupled with possible years of famine made repayment Impossible caused agrarians to riot. In 1904, the Co-operative Society Act extended credit to Indian villages under government sponsorship as an alternative to traditional money lenders. Cooperatives were the only option to most rural areas because of its spatial spread and penetration in remote areas. During this phase commercial banks did not venture into rural areas because they were in the private sector and had no incentive to extend their outreach to rural areas. However they became unreliable because of NAP inefficiencies and they lacked revisionism’s. Credit cooperatives had trouble distributing funds due to frozen assets from overdue repayments. Therefore rural areas stopped using credit cooperatives and opted for high interest money lenders. The next phase of Indian’s micromanage evolution was the Nationalization of Social Banking. In 1969, former Prime Minister Nadir Ghanaian nationalized 14 major sector banks In part of her political policy to eradicate poverty. After the nationalization of banks, regional rural banks (Orbs) were created in order to strengthen the rural banking structure and reach more people. These banks offered a hybrid service of the previous cooperative banks with a more localized approach. Approximately a decade after, the government sponsored the Integrated Rural Development Program (ARID) to deliver RSI. 15000 to the poor. Indian’s Integrated Rural Development Program (ARID) is a great example of inefficient subsidized credit. This program was set up in order to address the need to allocate funds according to social targets, meaning that 30% of the fund was allocated to socially excluded groups (defined using the caste system) and 30% towards women. Between 1979 and 1989, there was a huge period f ARID growth due to a huge subsidy budget of $6 billion. But despite the huge fund, the scheme did not generate a good Institutional performance. ARID repayment rates fell below and only of borrowers took out a second loan after the first loan was repaid; which is particularly troubling given it is perceived that repeating rate fell to Just 31%, and therefore the ARID failed its key purpose: being a reliable and meaningful lender to the poor. According to the Rural Finance Program at the Ohio State University, the main mistake government-led development banks (such as he ARID) made, was to view offering credit as the same as offering seeds. Ohio argues that credit should be thought of as a fungible tool of financial intermediation, and as not as a specific input into a production process. They claimed that credit could not Just be directed towards any particular section of society; and when this was linked with cheap credit policies, this caused havoc in rural financial markets. This outcome was due to the inadequate accounting of incentive effects and politics associated with subsidies. It is argued that subsidizing banks created inefficient monopolies and removed market tests. Some have even gone on to say that the households involved would have been better off without the subsidies. Firstly subsidized banks pushed out the informal money lenders, a source of credit the poor heavily rely on. Secondly, the use of subsidized credit means that the interest rate, a rationing mechanism, is driven down below market rates, breaking down the rationing mechanism. This meant that credit was no longer allocated to the most productive projects, and was often distributed on the basis of political and social desires. Thirdly, with subsidized lending, bankers incentives to collect savings posits were almost eradicated due to the constant flow of capital from the government, so poor households were left with unattractive and inefficient ways to save. During this phase, a trade union of self-employed women workers in Gujarat established a Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWS) bank in 1974. Approximately 4000 members contributed RSI. 10 to register as a co-operative bank to provide banking services to poor women. This successful bank was one of the first initiatives to introduce micromanage. The third phase of Indian’s micromanage evolution is the introduction of SSH bank engage program and the growth of MONGO- Miff. The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Banking (ONBOARD) was established in 1982 to focus primarily on agricultural and rural development. In 1992, ONBOARD pioneered the first self help group. These informal groups of women promote savings among members and used these resources for meeting their credit needs. A breakdown of this model is that in every meeting, the members would put aside a certain amount for deposit. These deposits are then recorded and through accumulation they become a way for members to lend to each other. Although the interest rates in this model are higher than what banks offer, the SSH groups reap the benefits because the repayment goes directly into the group’s savings. This means that the group’s loaning capabilities increases the more its members regularly save. In this model, there is no formal banking institution that provides loans. You read "Microfinance in India" in category "Papers" The primary goal of this model is for all members to begin their own saving initiatives. Later this model evolved to become part of Self Help Group Bank Linkage program (Kbps); after analyzing a SSH for 6 to 8 months, banks would pair up with groups to extend the credit of the group. After another period of 6 to 8 months, banks would offer a larger credit line; the maximum a group could borrow was four times their current savings account. Currently Kbps account for 58% of current loans outstanding. Micromanage Institutions (Miff), Non These type of institutions are similar to Bangladesh Grahame Model. In 1976 Unhandsomely created the Grahame Bank Model as a project to assist poor families by offering credit. Grahame means Mileage† in Bengali. This type of banking was used to show that the poor people of Bangladesh are indeed bankable and able to pay back loans without promising collateral. The model success is based on the fact that there is no need for collateral however through group peer pressure, 96% of all loans are repaid. By offering lower interest rates than the Government of Bangladesh and weekly repayment schedules, the Grahame model has been very successful. This model has been very successful in Bangladesh and has become a formal banking structure in 1983. India modified this banking structure and Joint Liability Groups Loss) became the dominant model used in Micromanage institutions (Miff). This model is similar to Bangladesh Grahame Model but it introduces an important concept, Joint liability. In this model, there is usually 4 to 10 members who are self selected. Due to self selection, most of Joint liability groups are homogeneous groups. Whenever the group decides to take out a loan, all members must sign a Joint liability contract; this ensures that if one member fails to repay the loans, the other members are liable for it. This type of collateral is called social collateral because members often use peer pressure to make sure that all members repay their loans. This type of group is intended to Just be credit groups and regular savings by embers are not required. The group only exists because individual members are legally bound to one another. Miff prefer this model to provide credit to tenant farmers because the groups are easy to make and there are less restrictions regarding the utilization of the loan. During this phase, Miff experienced a boom because Nags coupled themselves with Miff to attract commercial investment. Indian’s current phase of micromanage encompasses the centralization of micromanage. Throughout its history, micromanage has gone through an intense transformation to provide microcircuit for a wide range of services. Currently India uses a hybrid of the above models in its Miff. However Miff are being criticized for its high interest rates. Many borrowers only apply for loans between 5000-20000 rupees; the small value incurs high fixed costs for Miff. To avoid losing money, Miff often charge higher interest rates. Four key reasons why Miff charge high rates include: the cost of funds, Miff operating expenses, loan losses, and profits needed to expand their capital base and fund expected future growth. The costs that are associated with microcosms are the cost of the money to loan, cost of loan defaults ND transaction and operating costs. However it is important to note that there is approximately 450 million people untouched by any micromanage services. These people are often referred to as â€Å"unbreakable† because they rely on family members or moneylenders for financial services. During 2005-2010, India experienced a boom in micromanage with state, Andorra Pradesh, leading the reform. However it was soon realized that Miff were using unethical practices to collect payments from borrowers. These practices escalated to cause many borrowers to commit suicide, little of borrowing and accept high interest rates to avoid Miff. The state government of Andorra Pradesh responded by enacting the Andorra Pradesh Micromanage Institutions (regulation of money lending) Act in 2010. The act made it they didn’t have to pay back the loans and the government would protect them. This led the repayment rate to plummet from 99% to a mere 10%. The act was trying to protect the borrower and punish Miff for charging exorbitant interest rates and causing over borrowing. Critics of the act state that She were also part of the crisis ND that they were not negatively affected by the act as Miff were. They state that government backed She were also part of over borrowing and the act limits Miff business and successfully reduces competition between both micromanage institutions. The act negatively affected Miff profitability, loan recovery and their overall operations. The result of the crisis left many Miff at negative worth, this in return limits their accessibility to garner fresh funds and their overall ability to reach the rural poor. According to the norms, banks are not allowed to lend to banks that have negative worth. The crisis left micromanage companies like SHARE Microfilm, Ashman Microfilm, Spandex Sporty Financial, Trident Microfilm, and Future Financial Services unable to disburse fresh loans to clients. Banks also lost trust in Miff and there has been a serious liquidity crunch. Increased costs of borrowing coupled with the inability to access new funds further strained the profitability of Miff. Len conclusion, the enactment of the Andorra Pradesh Act stifled the access of basic financial services to the poorest of India citizens. The current goal for Indian’s micromanage sector is poverty alleviation through uncial inclusion and inclusive growth. The 2010 Andorra Pradesh Crisis highlighted a few issues of Indian’s micromanage sector. The crisis was due to high interest rates and multiple memberships and borrowing. Other issues include inadequate outreach and coverage, lack of regulation, limited product innovation, rising Naps and recovery issues, ratings of Miff and data availability. Proposed Micromanage Bill of 2012 After the 2010 Andorra Pradesh Crisis, the government was very worried over the state of Miff and proposed a bill to the development and regulation of Miff. The bill allows the central government to be the sole regulator and supervisor of Miff by creating the Micro Finance Development Council to oversee the development of Miff. Specifically the bill wants all Miff that are Non Banking Financial Companies (NBS) to be regulated by RIB while Miff that aren’t companies would be regulated by the respective state governments because they will be able to take a more localized approach and be better equipped to serve them. The bill would also require Miff to provide an annual balance sheet, profit and loss account for audit to RIB at the end of ACH fiscal year. RIB would also have the authority to set the maximum annual interest charged and maximum limit on the margins Miff are allowed to make. RIB becoming the prime regulator for Miff increases uniformity and stability. However critics of the bill rather have a whole entire new body to regulate the micromanage sector such as Micromanage Regulatory and Development Authority. Key issues that still need to addressed: relating to margin, interest rate cap, allowing collection of thrift by Miff, enabling Miff to render other services than credit like pensions, insurance, etc. Ceiling limit on credit, and regulation. Critics don’t want a cap on interest rates or margins because they believe that it negatively affects the entire private micromanage sector. Specifically price controls only benefits a few while The bill lacks specific provisions, which would provide and facilitate financial inclusion at an affordable cost to poor and weaker sections. The bill doesn’t address what led to the AP Crisis: multiple credit lending, over-indebtedness, multiple memberships and coercive measures adopted by Miff. How to cite Microfinance in India, Papers